2.5

CiteScore

8.8

Global Impact Factor

AI-DRIVEN STUDENT ENGAGEMENT STRATEGIES: EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF CHATGPT IN EDUCATION


Paper ID: EIJTEM_2026_13_2_117-126

Author's Name: Sreejaa G Nair, Bibin Thomas M, Soniya Syriac

Volume: 13

Issue: 2

Year: 2026

Page No: 117-126

Abstract:

The study explores the impact of user experience on student expectancy in Chat GPT, emphasizing the mediating role of student engagement. Targeting students in higher education in India, aged 18-30 years, the data was gathered from 234 participants through a structured questionnaire employing convenience sampling. The questionnaire comprised two sections: demographic profiles and variables such as Perceived Usefulness, Facilitating Conditions, Content & Navigation, Expectancy, and Student Engagement in the AI chat bot. Analysis revealed significant correlations among these variables, indicating that perceived usage, facilitating conditions, and content & navigation positively affect expectancy in Chat GPT. Regression analysis underscored the predictive influence of these factors on expectancy. In addition, student engagement was identified as a mediator in the relationship between user experience and expectancy. The study highlights the importance of enhancing user experience and engagement to boost students' expectations and satisfaction with the educational chat bot. Recommendations are for a collaborative effort by the key stakeholders in developing new functionalities within a supportive framework for responsible use, content creation and digital competency enhancement, while preserving the spirit of integrity, critical thinking and innovation among students. This research contributes to the expanding field of AI in education, providing valuable insights for developers, educators, and institutions aiming to optimize AI chat bots for better educational outcomes.

Keywords: AI Chat bots, User Experience, Student Engagement, Educational Technology, Expectancy in Chat GPT

References:

Achour, K., Laanoui, M.D., & Ourahay, M. (2024). The impact of ChatGPT in-education A comprehensive overview. 2024 International Conference on Global Aeronautical Engineering and Satellite Technology (GAST), 1-10.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. *Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50*(2), 179-211.
Al Yakin, Ahmad et al. “Transforming Online Learning Management: Generative Models on ChatGPT to Enhance Online Student Engagement Scale (OLE).” Idarah (Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kependidikan) (2023): n. pag.
Alalwan, A. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Rana, N. P. (2018). Factors influencing adoption of mobile banking by Jordanian bank customers: Extending UTAUT2 with trust. **International Journal of Information Management**, 37(3), 99-110.
Alalwan, A. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., Rana, N. P., & Simintiras, A. C. (2020). "Factors influencing adoption of mobile banking by Jordanian bank customers: Extending UTAUT2 with trust." International Journal of Information Management, 51, 102035.
Almarashdeh, I., Sahari, N., Zin, N. A. M., & Alsmadi, M. (2011). "The Success of Learning Management System among Distance Learners in Malaysian Universities." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 28(2), 128-135.
Biggs, J. (1999). What the student does: Teaching for enhanced learning. Higher Education Research & Development, 18(1), 57–75. Biggs, J. B. (2011). Teaching for quality learning at university: What the student does. McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Bond, M., Buntins, K., Bedenlier, S., Zawacki-Richter, O., & Kerres, M. (2020). Mapping research in student engagement and educational technology in higher education: A systematic evidence map. **International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education**, 17(1), 1-30.
Boubker, O. (2023). From chatting to self-educating: Can AI tools boost student learning outcomes? Expert Syst. Appl., 238, 121820.
Chan, C. K. Y., & Hu, W. (2023). Students’ voices on generative AI: perceptions, benefits, and challenges in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00411-8
Chiu, Thomas K.F.. (2021). Applying the self-determination theory (SDT) to explain student engagement in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Research on Technology in Education. 1-17. 10.1080/15391523.2021.1891998.
Christenson, S. L., Reschly, A. L., & Wylie, C. (Eds.). (2012). Handbook of research on student engagement.Springer Science.
Dai, Y., Liu, A., & Lim, C.P. (2023). Reconceptualizing ChatGPT and generative AI as a student-driven innovation in higher education. Procedia CIRP.
Davis, F. D. (1989). "Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology." MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340.
Dempere J, Modugu K, Hesham A and Ramasamy LK (2023) The impact of ChatGPT on higher education. Front. Educ. 8:1206936. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2023.1206936
Fakhri, M. M., Ahmar, A. S., Isma, A., Rosidah, R., & Fadhilatunisa, D. (2024). Exploring Generative AI Tools Frequency: Impacts on Attitude, Satisfaction, and Competency in Achieving Higher Education Learning Goals. EduLine: Journal of Education and Learning Innovation, 4(1), 196–208. https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.eduline2592
Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). "School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence." Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59-109.
Graefen, B., & Fazal, N. (2024). Chat bots to Virtual Tutors: An Overview of Chat GPT's Role in the Future of Education. Archives of Pharmacy Practice.
Henrie, C. R., Halverson, L. R., & Graham, C. R. (2015). Measuring student engagement in technology-mediated learning: A review. **Computers & Education**, 90, 36-53.
Hsiao, C. H., & Chen, C. H. (2015). What drives smartwatch adoption intention? Comparing Apple and non-Apple watches. **Library Hi Tech**, 33(2), 207-223.
Hu, K. (2023, February 2). ChatGPT sets record for fastest-growing user base—analyst note. Reuters. Retrieved from https:// www. reuters. com/ technology/ chatgpt- sets- record- fastest- growing- user- base- analyst- note- 2023- 02- 01/
Hwang, G. J., & Chang, S. C. (2021). A formative assessment-based mobile learning approach to improving students' learning attitudes and performances in mathematics. **Computers & Education**, 133, 83-93.
Liu, M., Ren, Y., Nyagoga, L.M., Stonier, F., Wu, Z., & Yu, L. (2023). Future of education in the era of generative artificial intelligence: Consensus among Chinese scholars on applications of ChatGPT in schools. Future in Educational Research.Lund, B. D., & Wang, T. (2023). Chatting about ChatGPT: how may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries?. Library Hi Tech News, 40(3), 26-29.
McCoy, L. G., Nagaraj, S., Morgado, F., Harish, V., Das, S., & Celi, L. A. (2020). What do medical students actually need to know about artificial intelligence? Npj Digital Medicine, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020- 0294-7
Mohaimenul, Islam, Jowarder. (2023). The Influence of ChatGPT on Social Science Students: Insights Drawn from Undergraduate Students in the United States. Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences, doi: 10.47540/ijias.v3i2.878
Mónica, de, la, Roca., Miguel, M., Chan., Antonio, Garcia-Cabot., Eva, García-López., Héctor, R., Amado-Salvatierra. (2024). The impact of a chatbot working as an assistant in a course for supporting student learning and engagement. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, doi: 10.1002/cae.22750
Ni, A., & Cheung, A. (2023). Understanding secondary students’ continuance intention to adopt AI-powered intelligent tutoring system for English learning. Education and Information Technologies, 28(3), 3191-3216.
O'Brien, H. L., & Toms, E. G. (2015). Engagement as process in computer-mediated environments. **Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology**, 59(6), 938-955.
Oseremi onesi-ozigagun, yinka james ololade, nsisong louis eyo-udo, & damilola oluwaseun ogundipe. (2024). Revolutionizing education through ai: a comprehensive review of enhancing learning experiences. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, 6(4), 589–607. https://doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v6i4.1011
Prema, Sankaran., Raksha, Deshbhag., Krishna, Durbha., Raj, Gururajan., Xujuan, Zhou. (2023). Student Perceptions of ChatGPT Through an Expectancy Value Theory. doi: 10.1109/wi-iat59888.2023.00089
Rane, N. (2023). Roles and Challenges of ChatGPT and Similar Generative Artificial Intelligence for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4603244
Reeve, John marshall. (2013). How Students Create Motivationally Supportive Learning Environments for Themselves: The Concept of Agentic Engagement. Journal of Educational Psychology. 105. 579. 10.1037/a0032690.
Samala, A.D., Zhai, X., Aoki, K., Bojić, L., & Žikić, S. (2024). An In-Depth Review of ChatGPT's Pros and Cons for Learning and Teaching in Education. Int. J. Interact. Mob. Technol., 18, 96-117.
Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., & Tondeur, J. (2019). "The technology acceptance model (TAM): A meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach to explaining teachers’ adoption of digital technology in education." Fakhri Computers & Education, 128, 13-35.
Stamate, A. N., Sauvé, G., & Denis, P. L. (2021). The rise of the machines and how they impact workers’ psychological health: An empirical study. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 3(5), 942–955. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.315
Thi, Kim, Anh, Vo., Huong, Nguyen. (2024). Generative Artificial Intelligence and ChatGPT in Language Learning: EFL Students' Perceptions of Technology Acceptance. Journal of university teaching and learning practice, doi: 10.53761/fr1rkj58
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). "User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View." MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478.
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2016). Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology: A synthesis and the road ahead. **Journal of the Association for Information Systems**, 17(5), 328-376.
Wang, N., Rebolledo-Mendez, G., Matsuda, N., Santos, O. C., & Dimitrova, V. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Education. 24th International Conference, AIED 2023, Tokyo, Japan, July 3–7, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36272-9
Weiqi, Tian., Jingshen, Ge., Yu, Zhao., Xu, Zheng. (2024). AI Chatbots in Chinese higher education: adoption, perception, and influence among graduate students—an integrated analysis utilizing UTAUT and ECM models. Frontiers in Psychology, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1268549
Yu, C., Yan, J., & Cai, N. (2024). ChatGPT in higher education: factors influencing ChatGPT user satisfaction and continued use intention. Frontiers in Education.
Zhou, T., Lu, Y., & Wang, B. (2019). The relative importance of website design quality and service quality in determining consumers’ online repurchase behavior. **Information Systems Journal**, 19(5), 477-503.

View PDF